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Nutrition continued

Fish oils.

Fish oil has been found to contribute to the prevention of cancer [22‐26], in addition to a wide range of effects in other diseases [27], including cardiovascular
disease [28], Alzheimer’s disease [29] and inflammation [30‐32].

Fish oils contain two important, essential, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) families, omega‐3 (n‐3) and omega‐6 (n‐6) PUFAs. The two predominant bioactive n‐3
PUFAs that exert beneficial effects are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which, as essential fatty acids, cannot be synthesised by
humans [11], so must be obtained from dietary sources; certain oily fish are the most abundant source, which includes Salmon, Tuna and Sardines. In addition, fish
oil supplements are a concentrated source of EPA and DHA oils.

Curcumin.

Curcumin, an active ingredient in Turmeric, is an antioxidant. Antioxidants are compounds often found in plants that can protect the body’s cells from damage
caused by activated molecules known as free radicals. Laboratory studies have also shown that curcumin interferes with several important molecular pathways
involved in cancer development, growth and spread. Researchers have reported that curcumin inhibited the formation of cancer‐causing enzymes in rodents [33‐
35].Recently, curcumin has received a great deal more attention in studies than Turmeric as a whole herb. Researchers are studying curcumin to learn whether it is
an effective anti‐inflammatory agent and whether it holds any promise for cancer prevention or treatment. A number of studies of curcumin have shown
promising results. Curcumin can kill cancer cells in laboratory dishes and also slows the growth of the surviving cells. Curcumin has been found to reduce
development of several forms of cancer in lab animals and to shrink animal tumours.